内源性气态SO2对大鼠血管的舒张作用及其机制IV： SO2对血压的调节与信号通路

为探讨内源性二氧化硫(SO2)对动脉血压的影响及其信号转导通路,采用大鼠颈动、静脉插管技术研究SO2对动脉压调节作用,通过离体血管环灌流试验观察SO2对NE引起的主动脉血管环收缩作用的影响,用生物化学方法与实时定量RT-PCR技术研究SO2对离体血管一氧化氮(NO)生成、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和基因表达的调节作用。结果表明：(1)静脉注入SO2(20和60 μmol·kg-1体重)可立即引起大鼠动脉血压剂量依赖性显著下降,而相同剂量的亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合液(摩尔比为3:1)未见影响;(2)SO2对NE的缩血管功能有显著抑制作用,使NE的量效曲线右移;(3)SO2能迅速促进内皮NOS(eNOS)的基因表达,增强eNOS的活性,但对诱导型NOS (iNOS)的活性未见影响;(4)SO2可迅速且显著增加主动脉组织的NO产量。此外,我们以前的研究也指出,低浓度SO2可引起内皮细胞膜BKCa离子通道开放。由此结论：内源性SO2是一种血管活性因子,对整体血压和血管张力具有调节作用;SO2对血管BKCa→eNOS→NO→cGMP信号通路的上调可能是其主要的作用机制。     

中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢研究

汽车行业在我国发展迅速,汽车行业的钢铁物质流代谢在整个国民经济的钢铁物质流代谢系统中的影响已不可忽视。研究中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢对再生资源利用产业、再制造行业的发展具有重要的意义。结合系统动力学方法及相关经验模型对中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢进行研究。首先通过Gompertz模型研究了世界主要国家汽车千人保有量与时间的关系,以此为参照设定中国汽车千人保有量随时间变化的相关参数。其次利用中国汽车行业钢铁物质流循环代谢的系统动力学模型,对系统关键流量、存量的动态变化过程进行考察分析,通过设定不同情景、不同寿命分布,研究中国汽车报废量、钢板和零件耗钢量随时间变化的规律,并探讨了零件再制造、汽车轻型化等问题。选取汽车千人保有量为260辆/千人的中等情景进行分析,考察时间为2011-2050年,结果表明报废汽车年折钢量与汽车行业钢材年消耗量比值不断上升,最终可达到1.2;再制造行业潜力巨大,零件再制造数量将近8亿件;延长汽车4 a寿命,可减少近一半的汽车报废量;通过轻型化,钢材年消耗量可减少18%,减少近650万t,累计减少1亿多吨钢材,节省大量资源,经济和环境效益显著。     

Degradation mechanism of Direct Pink 12B treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and Fenton reaction

The Direct Pink 12B dye was treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) and Fenton oxidation. The degradation pathway of Direct Pink 12B dye was inferred by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The major reason of decolorization was that the conjugate structure was disrupted in the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) process. However, the dye was not degraded completely because benzene rings and naphthalene rings were not broken. In the Fenton oxidation process, the azo bond groups surrounded by higher electron cloud density were first attacked by hydroxyl radicals to decolorize the dye molecule. Finally benzene rings and naphthalene rings were mineralized to H₂O and CO₂ under the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals.     

秸秆炭化还田对滴灌棉田土壤微生物代谢功能及细菌群落组成的影响

通过5 a田间定位试验,研究持续秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对滴灌棉田土壤微生物功能多样性以及细菌群落组成的影响.试验设置3个处理:单施化肥(对照,CK)、秸秆直接还田+化肥(ST)和秸秆炭化还田+化肥(BC).秸秆直接还田和炭化还田均显著提高土壤有机质、全氮及速效养分含量,其中秸秆炭化还田的作用更显著.秸秆直接还田处理土壤微生物碳源代谢活性最高,其次是秸秆炭化还田,均显著高于对照.秸秆直接还田主要促进了碳水化合物类和胺类碳源的代谢;秸秆炭化还田显著提高多聚物类碳源的代谢.秸秆直接还田和炭化还田显著提高土壤细菌群落多样性.与对照相比,秸秆直接还田显著增加变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门以及黄单胞菌科、酸微菌科、微杆菌科和噬纤维菌科的相对丰度;秸秆炭化还田处理酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门以及Blastocatellaceae (Subgroup_4)菌科、芽单胞菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科的相对丰度显著增加.相关性分析表明黄单胞菌科、酸微菌科与碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、胺类碳源代谢显著正相关,噬纤维菌科、微杆菌科与碳水化合物类、胺类碳源代谢显著正相关,Blastocatellaceae (Subgroup_4)菌科、芽单胞菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科与多聚物类碳源代谢显著正相关.持续秸秆炭化还田显著增加滴灌棉田土壤养分,改变细菌群落组成,提高多聚物类碳源的代谢活性.     

推进生态文明 建设美丽中国

党的十八大报告描绘了全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义生态文明的宏伟蓝图,展现了"美丽中国"的动人画卷。在生态文明建设的高潮中,各地的做法对于我们更好地创新思路,推进"美丽中国"建设具有一定的借鉴意义。"绿色湖南"建设全面启动湖南省2013年将大力实施"绿色湖南"建设重点工程。"绿色湖南"建设重点工程是:农村沼气池建设工程;岩溶地区石漠     

同型乙酸菌研究进展及应用前景

同型乙酸菌是一类分布极广、形态差异极大的微生物类群.该类微生物利用厌氧乙酰辅酶A途径合成代谢中间体乙酰辅酶A,即可营自养生活亦可营异养生活;可利用多种物质作电子供体及电子受体,代谢能力强,底物范围广,能够生成多种代谢产物,如乙酸、乳酸、琥珀酸及甲酸;其独具特色的生理代谢特点,具有应用于工业生产的巨大潜力.本文就同型乙酸菌特有的代谢特点及应用前景作一综述.图2表1参18     

2014年海口市大气污染物演变特征及典型污染个例分析

主要分析了2014年海口市逐日的空气质量指数(AQI)和6种大气污染物的演变特征,同时,结合卫星遥感和轨迹模式等资料和方法对1次典型污染个例进行诊断.结果表明:海口市2014年的空气质量主要以优和良为主,6 d达到轻度污染级别,1 d达到中度污染(1月5日,AQI值为158).1月污染最为严重,其中,阶段1(1-6日)和阶段3(18-23日)AQI值偏高,阶段2(7-17日)和阶段4(24-31日)偏低.1月东亚地区天气形势演变对海口市AQI值具有动力影响.AQI偏高阶段,地面高压系统位于内蒙古东部,华南低层东北风场有利于污染物向海口市输送;而在AQI偏低阶段,地面高压系统东移出海,低层偏东风场不利于污染物的输送.后向轨迹聚类分析表明,1月海口市比率最大(39%)的气流主要经过大气污染相对严重的广东珠江三角洲(珠三角)地区,有利于污染物的区域传输.污染个例分析表明,海口市污染物浓度变化与气象要素有密切关系,10 m风速较小有助于近地面的污染物在区域内累积,水平风垂直切变偏弱对天气尺度扰动的发展和大气的垂直混合不利.卫星遥感和后向轨迹分析也表明,外源输送与海口市这次大气污染事件有直接关系.     

In vitro assessment of thyroid hormone receptor activity of four organophosphate esters

Previous animal experiments have implied that organophosphate esters(OPEs) have a disruption effect on the thyroid endocrine system. However, knowledge of the toxicological mechanism remains limited. In this study, the activities of four OPEs have been characterized against the thyroid hormone(TH) nuclear receptor(TR) using two in vitro models, with the aim of evaluating their toxicity mechanisms towards the TR. The results of a TH-dependent cell proliferation assay showed that tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate(TDCPP) could induce cell growth, while the other three OPEs had no effect. The results of a luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that all four of the OPEs tested in the current study showed agonistic activity towards TRβ, with TDCPP being the most potent one. Moreover, molecular docking revealed that all the tested OPEs could fit into the ligand binding pocket of TRβ, with TDCPP binding more effectively than the other three OPEs. Taken together, these data suggest that OPEs might disrupt the thyroid endocrine system via a mechanism involving the activation of TR.     

Biodegradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3

A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH).The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Mn~(2+) Cu~(2+),Ag~+,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+) enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.     

蜡状芽胞杆菌对芘的降解特性及降解酶研究

考察蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)对水体中芘的降解特性,分析其代谢产物和降解酶的活性.结果表明,1 mg·L-1Mn2+、0.1 mg·L-1Fe3+和10 mg·L-1葡萄糖混合物对芘的降解有明显促进作用;1 g·L-1菌体在120 h内对2.5μmol·L-1芘的降解率达到61.4%.利用LC-MS/MS分析芘代谢产物,检测到1-萘酚、2-萘酚、9-羟基菲和1-羟基芘4种单羟基多环芳烃,表明芘在单加氧酶作用下开环降解,且B.cereus能有效分解利用4种代谢产物,其最高利用率分别为100%、90.3%、98.3%和52.7%.酶活力分析实验结果表明,B.cereus具有的水杨酸羟化酶,邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶在芘的降解中起关键作用,其酶活力经芘诱导后均有明显提高.结合产物分析及酶活测定,推断B.cereus对芘的降解途径以及降解过程是由单加氧酶和双加氧酶联合起作用.